In the preoperative period for a pyloromyotomy, how should the nurse position the infant?

Positioning the infant with the head elevated is important in the preoperative period for a pyloromyotomy due to several physiological considerations. Elevating the head can help reduce the risk of aspiration, especially since infants may have residual gastric contents or be experiencing vomiting. This position also aids in promoting comfort for the infant, which can be beneficial in reducing preoperative anxiety.

Further, elevation can assist in enhancing respiratory mechanics, ensuring that the infant maintains an open airway and adequate oxygenation prior to surgery. Keeping the head elevated can also facilitate better venous return and overall hemodynamic stability, which are crucial as the infant prepares for anesthesia.

In contrast, laying flat on the back could increase the risk of aspiration and may not provide adequate comfort for the infant. The prone position, while sometimes used for other clinical reasons, is not generally recommended in preoperative settings due to the risks associated with airway compromise. The Trendelenburg position, which involves elevating the legs and lowering the head, is not appropriate for most surgical procedures on infants as it can increase intracranial pressure and pose additional risks.

Therefore, elevating the head is a safe and beneficial position for an infant undergoing a pyloromyotomy in the preoperative phase.